Jiu Jitsu Explained
Jiu jitsu is a martial art focused on grappling and ground fighting. Its core principle is that a smaller, weaker person can defend themselves or even submit a larger, stronger opponent using leverage, technique, and joint locks or chokeholds.
Brazilian jiu jitsu (BJJ) is the most well-known form, which evolved from traditional Japanese jiu jitsu and Judo. It emphasises submissions, sweeps, and control positions, making it a popular choice in self-defence and mixed martial arts (MMA).
Training usually involves sparring, also known as 'rolling' to practice techniques in a live setting.
Jiu jitsu matches are usually 6 to 10 minutes in duration and points are scored through takedowns and pins. However, after a throw or pin, the match continues and opponents will work to escape and reverse the hold. Points are continuously scored throughout the match and a winner is declared at the end.
At any time during the match, both competitors can apply submissions. Submissions are holds that involve the application of 'breaking' pressure to either a leg or arm, or pressure applied to the neck, restricting bloodflow to the brain. Just like with pins and takedowns, it is still possible for the opponent to escape a submission hold and turn the match around. However, if a submission is successful and we are unable to escape, we 'tap' or signal to give up or surrender.
In competition, this signifies the end of the match and a win for the applier of the submission.
In training, these holds will only ever be applied with control and with the safety of your training partner in mind. The round is continued, providing a safe and friendly learning environment.
Jiu jitsu can be pracised in Gi (kimono) and Nogi (shorts and rashguard)
BJJ uses a belt ranking system to signify a practitioner’s skill level, experience, and time spent training. The system varies slightly between organisations but generally follows this structure for adults:
Adult Belt Ranks (Ages 16+)
White Belt – The beginner rank. Focuses on fundamental techniques, survival, and basic positional awareness.
Blue Belt – Typically earned after 1-2 years. Practitioners develop a deeper understanding of techniques, escapes, and submissions.
Purple Belt – An intermediate belt, usually earned after 3-5 years. Practitioners refine their techniques, improve strategy, and start mentoring lower belts.
Brown Belt – A high-level belt earned after 5-7 years. Focus shifts to advanced techniques, efficiency, and preparation for black belt.
Black Belt – Represents mastery and is typically achieved after 8-12 years. Black belts continue learning and often teach others.
Red and Black (Coral) Belt (7th Degree) – A prestigious belt awarded after years as a black belt. Holders are highly respected instructors.
Red and White Belt (8th Degree) – Even rarer, given to those who have made significant contributions to BJJ.
Red Belt (9th and 10th Degree) – The highest rank, reserved for grandmasters and founders of BJJ.
Youth Belt Ranks (Under 16)
For children, BJJ uses a different belt system with additional colors:
• White
• Grey (with three sub-ranks)
• Yellow (with three sub-ranks)
• Orange (with three sub-ranks)
• Green (with three sub-ranks)
At 16, they transition to the adult ranking system.
Promotions in BJJ are based on skill, time on the mat, and instructor evaluation rather than formal tests, emphasising real-world effectiveness over memorisation. Some schools also use stripes on belts to mark progress between ranks.
Why Choose Jiu Jitsu?
There are a lot of reasons someone may choose to practice jiu jitsu, depending on their personal goals and interests.
Jiu jitsu is incredibly effective for self defence, especially in situations when a person is taken to the ground. The techniques teach you how to control or escape from bigger, stronger opponents using leverage and positioning.
It provides a full-body workout that builds strength, flexibility, endurance, and cardiovascular fitness. The rolling (sparring) aspect also helps to improve conditioning while challenging you mentally and physically. Jiu jitsu is also highly strategic and forces you to problem-solve in real time. It requires focus, patience, and persistence, making it a great way to build mental resilience.
Jiu jitsu is a great way to unwind and relieve stress, offering a distraction from daily life's pressures. It also provides camaraderie and fosters a close-knit, supportive community. It's not uncommon to make lasting friendships with training partners who share your goals and challenges.
Lastly, jiu jitsu is addictive. The constant challenge of learning new techniques, improving your skills, and figuring out how to overcome opponents keeps it engaging.
Whether you are looking to get fit, improve your self-defence skills, or just enjoy a challenging and rewarding activity, jiu jitsu offers something for everyone.